Pride and Prejudice: The charactor of Elizabeth (Chapter 24-29)

2007年4月9日星期一

The charactor of Elizabeth (Chapter 24-29)

Jane and Elizabeth’s attitude and opinion toward people are quite different, which represents conflict between traditional and treasonous mind.

As Elizabeth says, Jane is so good that her sweetness and disinterestedness are really angelic. She wishes to think the entire world respectable, and feels hurt if Elizabeth speaks ill of anybody. What’s more, even her sister praises her as perfect, she sets herself against it.

On the other hand, compared with Jane, Elizabeth has her own evaluation and attitude toward different people. There are few of whom she thinks much and even fewer that she loves. The more she observes of the world, the more she dissatisfies with it. Everyday life confirms her belief of the inconsistency of all human characters, and of the little dependence that can be placed on the appearance of either merit or sense. She also reminds her sister that “you shall not, for the sake of one individual, change the meaning of principle and integrity, nor endeavor to persuade yourself or me that selfishness is prudence, and insensibility of danger, security for happiness.”

Elizabeth’s idea doesn’t satisfy the expectation of that time. She is a modern woman who loves independent and freedom, and also hopes that her family member can have their own lives, never under the control of others. Her such character embodies obviously in the conversation between she and Lady Catherine. Being the first creature who has ever dared to trifle with so much dignified impertinence, she showed her dignity and bravery.

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Pride and Prejudice, first published on 28 January 1813, is the most famous of Jane Austen's novels. It is one of the first romantic comedies in the history of the novel and its opening is one of the most famous lines in English literature—"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife." Its manuscript was first written between 1796 and 1797, and was initially called First Impressions, but was never published under that title. Following revisions, it was first published on 28 January 1813. Like both its predecessor and Northanger Abbey, it was written at Steventon Rectory.

The Bennets are a representative family spearheading the social evolution of English society. Formed by the marriage of a gentleman farmer and the beautiful, financially well-endowed lawyer’s daughter, the family embodies within itself the forces and tendencies that are bringing the upper and moneyed middle classes of England into closer association. The foundation of the family is stable, secure positive energy. No child of the family exhibits an active meanness of ambitious physicality, either against other family members or outside society. No child of the family gives inordinate importance to money as a determining criterion for marriage. They all value personal happiness above money. After Darcy proposed to Eliza, both Jane and Mr. Bennet expressed serious concern about her marrying a man she could not love and respect, regardless of his wealth. Neither Mr. Bennet nor any of the five girls expressed the slightest interest in Collins, even though he held the entail on Longbourn. It is true that Mrs. Bennet was delighted with Jane’s prospects of marrying Bingley and frequently reminded everyone who would listen about Bingley’s great wealth. But it is equally true that she was delighted with Lydia’s marriage to Wickham, although he was a handsome officer with no property or wealth at all. Jane herself did not express any signs of interest in Bingley’s wealth.

Darcy is from one of the wealthiest aristocratic families in England. He is the sole son and heir to a huge fortune and a magnificent estate at Pemberley. Although possessing a large estate, Mr. Darcy lacked the keen discrimination to comprehend Wickham’s character and forged a sentimental attachment for his steward’s son, which almost disgraced the family through Georgiana’s elopement. Darcy is of the old order, but not its shining jewel. He is selfish, dull, and unequal to the management of Pemberley as a young man. He enjoys the company of submissive friends. He is traditional and undynamic. A clever Wickham is a danger to him and his establishment. His sister Georgiana is the chink in his armor. He is unable to choose a loyal servant as governess. The old order has started giving way. He needs a woman such as Eliza from the lower layer of aristocracy endowed with the energy of her newly acquired status to preserve his establishment. He struggles in the name of love and passion with the higher demands of the changing social situation, readily humiliates himself, apologizes to Eliza, reverses with Bingley, compromises with Wickham, and even subjects himself to the effusions of Mrs. Bennet and Mrs. Philips. He stoops to conquer. His attraction to Eliza and Caroline Bingley’s opposition are symbolic. A rich, handsome, haughty Miss Bingley is unattractive to Darcy, while a less handsome, poor, unassuming Eliza is attractive. His choice expresses the need of the time, but goes by the name of romance. There is no real romance in the entire story. Eliza’s attraction to Wickham is infatuation falling a prey to a handsome face, a common phenomenon. No man or woman in the story exhibits the elevating passion of love that ennobles personality. The critical demands of the evolving social context admit no scope for romance.

Jane succeeds in winning a husband whose character is of the same depth and intensity as her own. Charles Bingley is equally mild, unformed and guided by external standards of social propriety. He exhibits a fair amount of intelligence in his exchanges with Darcy and Eliza, but prides himself on being casual, careless and carefree. He is of the nouveau riche with lesser wealth than Darcy but good character, which make him eligible to be Darcy’s friend and possible brother-in-law. His ?00,000 inheritance over-fulfills all his aspirations in life. There is no accomplishment that remains for him but a beautiful wife and pleasant entertainment. Apart from these, Bingley is a man of few and very mild convictions, whose easiness of temper and want of proper resolution impair his worth in Eliza’s eyes. Bingley lacks Darcy’s pride or self-importance. He values Jane’s beauty and her good nature, which matches his own temperament. He feels free to pursue his interest in Jane only after his two sisters have given their approval, but his ultimate standard of reference is Darcy. He submits to Darcy’s objections about the marriage. It is Darcy’s authority that ultimately determine Bingley’s choice in life, supported by Jane’s physical appearance and pleasant temperament. Even after learning that Darcy had concealed from him the truth about Jane’s presence in London and after Darcy encourages him to revive the relationship with her, Bingley still wants Darcy’s active approval before proposing to Jane. His emotions are completely social. Contrast that with Eliza’s indifference to Lady Catherine’s active disapproval of her marriage to Darcy. It is difficult to imagine Eliza seeking anyone’s approval for what she passionately wants and believes right for her.